Techno-economic and uncertainty analyses of heat- and ultrasound-assisted extraction technologies for the production of crude anthocyanins powder from <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> calyx

This study designed, techno-economically analyzed and compared the heat-assisted extraction (HAE)- ultrasound-assisted (UAE)-technology-based processes (HAE-tBP UAE-tBP) for production of crude anthocyanins powder (CAnysP) from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx (HSC) with assistance SuperPro Designer software. Both base cases industrial setups 600 L extractor capacities HAE- UAE-tBPs were compared. When building process flowsheets, peculiarities technicalities both HAE UAE extractors taken into consideration. Materials energy demands, costs unit cost (UPC) CAnysP parameters used analysis. Uncertainty sensitivity analyses conducted least UPC using Monte Carlo simulations in Oracle Crystal Ball The HAE-tBP recorded highest number batches 5278 per annum. HSC 15.551 kg was required to produce 7.433 10.022 kg/batch by setup UAE-tBPs, respectively. UAE-tBP achieved lower (164.28 US$/kg) (176.31 80.08% certainty. Out variables considered analysis UPC, ultrasound treatment time contributed (+62%), while recovery (+0.2%) variance UPC.